{"id":239,"date":"2021-07-12T13:21:19","date_gmt":"2021-07-12T13:21:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/?p=239"},"modified":"2021-07-12T13:21:19","modified_gmt":"2021-07-12T13:21:19","slug":"nguon-goc-nguoi-viet-mot-luoc-su-tu-tuong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/2021\/07\/12\/nguon-goc-nguoi-viet-mot-luoc-su-tu-tuong\/","title":{"rendered":"Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t: M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi mang t\u00ednh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: ta l\u00e0 ai, ta t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay sai, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, khoa h\u1ecdc hay kh\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tham s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tri nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed – v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi – v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tri th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Truy\u1ec1n
Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n \u00c2u C\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb ghi ch\u00e9p trong L\u0129nh Nam ch\u00edch qu\u00e1i. \u1ea2nh: Internet.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

“Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t” l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d (Vi\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cVi\u1ec7t t\u1ed9c\u201d hay \u201cKinh t\u1ed9c\u201d hay \u201cd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Kinh\u201d. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. Hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef sau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eb1m che l\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111a chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch (h\u00e0m \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfa l\u1ea5p t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a – l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, cho \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb). Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 mang trong m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1edd nh\u00f2e gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1edd nh\u00f2e \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u00f9 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a, nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Kinh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi t\u1eeb ph\u00eda d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. C\u00e1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 80% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin thu\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o ta h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mong mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t nh\u1eefng \u201ckh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d cho bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111ang ngh\u0129 g\u00ec, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1eed li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n t\u00ecm theo c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, b\u1edfi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n cho bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 g\u00ec. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1eed ch\u00ed Nho gi\u00e1o- d\u00f2ng s\u1eed ch\u00ed th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u1eed ch\u00ed Marxist \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d (1957) ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Marx v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed1 (1889-1947) trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh (\u0110\u1ea1i Nam d\u1eadt s\u1ef1) (\u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1943-1945) ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam\u201d trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc Nam\u201d, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u\u201d, \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e0u\u201d. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 ba, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u trong \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed kh\u1ea3o\u201d (1906) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\u201d trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\u201d. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1eed ch\u00ed t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n ng\u00f4n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n) l\u00e0 H\u00e1n nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n (ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t) l\u00e0 H\u00e1n d\u00e2n. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thanh nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 l\u01b0u d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh phi\u00eau d\u1ea1t, ng\u1ee5 c\u01b0 \u1edf m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Minh nh\u00e2n.1<\/sup>\u00a0V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean (1479) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cVi\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n\u201d trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u201cH\u00e1n nh\u00e2n\u201d. V\u1eady kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cVi\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n\u201d trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d trong n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i? Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o ta h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed5i thay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cthay n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u201d, c\u00f3 khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 va \u0111\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 H\u00e1n trong d\u00f2ng s\u1eed ch\u00ed Nho gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
K\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng th\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (invented traditon), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Nho gi\u00e1o Hoa H\u1ea1, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2n gian.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

“\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0” do Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean so\u1ea1n (1479) l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u201cVi\u1ec7t\u201d \u7763 (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ta\u201d (\u6211\u8d8a\u4eba), \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t ta\u201d- ng\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi H\u00e1n nh\u00e2n \u6f22\u4eba). T\u1ee9c, Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed th\u1ea7n sau \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cqu\u1ed1c\u201d- th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7n ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00e9p s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra l\u1ec7nh vi\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed th\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb- l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i coi Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t (B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o<\/em>), th\u00ec Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 H\u00e1n trong d\u00f2ng s\u1eed ch\u00ed Nho gi\u00e1o. Quan ni\u1ec7m Nho gia cho r\u1eb1ng, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ecd H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng. K\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng th\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (invented traditon), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean,2<\/sup> trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Nho gi\u00e1o Hoa H\u1ea1, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2n gian (trong L\u0129nh Nam ch\u00edch qu\u00e1i<\/em>) v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n nay cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, v\u00ec ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t\u201d c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n\u201d. Song, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed mang t\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, cu\u1ed1n s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed ch\u00ed trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng: d\u00f9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e9p s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cd\u0129 s\u1eed ch\u1ee9ng kinh\u201d (d\u00f9ng s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n), v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nho gi\u00e1o (nh\u01b0 kinh\u00a0Th\u01b0<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafp n\u1ed1i, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho nh\u1eefng trang s\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nho gi\u00e1o. Cho n\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Hoa H\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 mong manh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, n\u00ean Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 K\u1ef7 H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00f3 (cho \u0111\u1ebfn K\u1ef7 nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4) v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n Ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ef7. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn cho Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u201cph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 H\u00e1n\u201d cho \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nho gi\u00e1o. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Hoa H\u1ea1 d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
V\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 Gia Long- Minh M\u1ec7nh- Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb- T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia Nho th\u1ea7n, coi r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e1n nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Nho gi\u00e1o. Tranh Vua trong l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5c t\u1ebf Nam Giao c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nh\u00e2n. Ngu\u1ed3n: laodong.vn.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa H\u1ea1 d\u00e0i bao nhi\u00eau, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t d\u00e0i b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (c\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng- gia t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y) l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng\u201d. Xung quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 Nho \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1eefu quan nh\u01b0 \u201cH\u00e1n v\u0103n minh\u201d –  \u201cH\u00e1n l\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c\u201d – \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9\u201d- \u201cv\u0103n hi\u1ebfn chi bang\u201d4<\/sup>. S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh phong ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eefng s\u1eed li\u1ec7u H\u00e1n v\u0103n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12 v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y, v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn- l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb L\u00fd- Tr\u1ea7n- L\u00ea- Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 coi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c trung t\u00e2m\u201d v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh x\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Trung Hoa, Trung Ch\u00e2u, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 A. B. Woodside \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nho gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nho gi\u00e1o.5<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, khi c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 Gia Long- Minh M\u1ec7nh- Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb- T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia Nho th\u1ea7n, coi r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e1n nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Nho gi\u00e1o. C\u1eb7p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cVi\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n\u201d- \u201cH\u00e1n nh\u00e2n\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p \u201cho\u00e1n thai \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ed1t\u201d c\u00e1c v\u1ecf ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n (nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c,\u2026) \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cH\u00e1n nh\u00e2n\u201d, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0 Thanh nh\u00e2n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh), Minh nh\u00e2n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh).  \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Nho th\u1eddi n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Hoa-Di, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u00e0 Thanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c di r\u1ee3, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, v\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n. Nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c thi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Nho gi\u00e1o \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u0169 \u00e1o. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh b\u1eaft quan d\u00e2n (g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n) ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdt t\u00f3c thay \u00e1o theo phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 Thanh (v\u00e0 d\u00e2n H\u00e1n khi \u1ea5y) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u201cHoa- H\u00e1n\u201d n\u1eefa. Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Thanh v\u1ed1n x\u01b0a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3n,\u2026 m\u00e0 M\u00e3n th\u00ec l\u00e0 Di\u201d (\u5927\u6e05\u3001\u5176\u5148\u6eff\u4eba\u3001\u2026\u592b\u6eff\u3001\u5937\u4e5f, \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c)6<\/sup>. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed k\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Hoa- Di. Nh\u00e0 Thanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Di cai tr\u1ecb. N\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c khi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Di\/ ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 \u201cDi h\u00f3a\u201d. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 do Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u0169 \u00e1o v\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nho gia n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng, tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c (c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng l\u1eabn v\u0103n h\u00f3a- ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb). \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c Nho s\u0129 tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (t\u1eeb vua \u0111\u1ebfn quan) \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 H\u00e1n nh\u00e2n. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n minh-v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t khi \u1ea5y, v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u H\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng, v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc theo Kh\u1ed5ng- M\u1ea1nh- Tr\u00ecnh- Chu, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n theo Chu-H\u00e1n- \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng-T\u1ed1ng.7<\/sup> Trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1841 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i Di bi\u1ec7n <\/em>c\u1ee7a L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb s\u0129 nh\u00e0 Thanh ph\u1ea3i than kh\u00f3c v\u00ec l\u00e2u l\u1eafm m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u00e1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb Hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m \u00e1o m\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00ec nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Di. V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed H\u01b0\u01a1ng Tuy\u1ebft b\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cDi, Nhung, Man, \u0110\u1ecbch, Hoa – t\u1eeb x\u01b0a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai 5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd g\u00ec. Cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng xem l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 hay t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, phong t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p hay x\u1ea5u \u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1eady. B\u00e0i bi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn m\u00e0 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t.\u201d8<\/sup> \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7, L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c M\u00e2n, di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0m quan cho tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n. \u00d4ng \u0111i s\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 M\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u00e0i bi\u1ec7n di c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i Hoa-Di c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd L\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u201cho\u00e1n c\u1ed1t\u201d c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m H\u00e1n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Minh M\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3n minh cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t (l\u00e0 H\u00e1n nh\u00e2n) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. Di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 Hoa- Di tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi (trong c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng (Champa, Xi\u00eam La, L\u00e0o, Java,\u2026). H\u00e1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 Di-r\u1ee3-Nhung-\u0110\u1ecbch. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y (nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, H\u00e0 Lan, Anh, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha\u2026), trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m D\u01b0\u01a1ng di (man di \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n), ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u00e1m l\u00f4ng t\u00f3c m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf\u201d (h\u1ed3ng mao) ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a (cultivation) m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1, khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh kh\u00e1c H\u00e1n: v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng lo\u00e0i s\u1ebd m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cthay m\u00e1u t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o\u201d trong cu\u1ed9c va ch\u1ea1m \u0110\u00f4ng- T\u00e2y v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

———–<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>Choi Byong Wook, Southern Vietnam under the Reign of Minh M\u1ea1ng (1820-1841): Central Policies and Local Response<\/em>, Cornell, SEAP Publications, 2004, p.136-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/sup> Kelley, L.C. \u201cThe Biography of the H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng Clan as a Medieval Vietnamese Invented Tradition,\u201d Journal of Vietnamese Studies 7.2 (2012): 87-130. Kelley, L.C. \u201cInventing Traditions in Fifteenth-Century Vietnam,\u201d trong Imperial China and Its Southern Neighbours,<\/em> Victor Mair and Liam C. Kelley bi\u00ean t\u1eadp (Singapore: ISEAS, 2015), 161-193.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/sup> Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, 2013, Kinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng- \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ai? Tia S\u00e1ng, 3-2013.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4<\/sup> Liam C. Kelley, Vietnam as a \u2018Domain of Manifest Civility\u2019 (V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn Chi Bang), Journal of Southeast Asian Studies<\/em>, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Feb., 2003), pp. 63-76.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5<\/sup> Woodside, Alexander, 1970, Vietnam and the Chinese Model: A Comparative Study of Vietnamese and Chinese Government in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P.18-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6<\/sup> Tr\u1ea7n Quang \u0110\u1ee9c, 2013, Ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u00e1o m\u0169: l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trang ph\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1009-1945<\/em>, NXB Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7<\/sup> L\u00fd V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c, 1841, Di bi\u1ec7n<\/em>, trong \u201cChu nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1p v\u1ecbnh th\u1ea3o\u201d \u5468\u539f\u96dc\u8a60\u8349,  Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u00e1n N\u00f4m, VHv.2258, p.18b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8<\/sup>\u00a0Phan Thu Hi\u1ec1n, 2018,\u00a0Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u00fd\u00a0 V\u0103n Ph\u1ee9c v\u00e0 M\u00e2n h\u00e0nh thi tho\u1ea1i t\u1eadp<\/em>, LATS, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr.231.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

———–<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng D\u01b0\u01a1ng – T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tia S\u00e1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Link ngu\u1ed3n: https:\/\/tiasang.com.vn\/khoa-hoc-cong-nghe\/Nguon-goc-nguoi-Viet-Mot-luoc-su-tu-tuong-18523<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[182,180,181,183,174,178,179,177,176,175],"class_list":["post-239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-luot-su-toc-viet","tag-au-co","tag-kinh-duong-vuong","tag-lac-long-quan","tag-lich-su","tag-luoc-su-toc-viet","tag-nguoi-kinh","tag-nguoi-viet","tag-nguon-goc-nguoi-viet","tag-nguon-goc-toc-viet","tag-toc-viet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=239"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":243,"href":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239\/revisions\/243"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongsonvn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}